Genesis-Numbers

Eridu is where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers meet in today’s Iraq.   Excavations around Eridu reveal it was densely populated with evidences (engravings, etc.) of the earliest writings and drawings of mankind.

GENESIS 4:22 ~ Tubal-Cain was the father of people who work with bronze and iron = التكوين الفصل 4

22  وَصِلَّةُ ايْضا وَلَدَتْ تُوبَالَ قَايِينَ الضَّارِبَ كُلَّ الَةٍ مِنْ نُحَاسٍ وَحَدِيدٍ. وَاخْتُ تُوبَالَ قَايِينَ نَعْمَةُ.

Tubal-Cain was the seventh generation after Adam.  Until recently, the use of iron was thought to have been unknown prior to the 12th century BC, calling BC 1200 onward the Iron Age.  

Dr. H. E. Frankfort of the Oriental Institute discovered in the ruins of Asmar, some 100 miles northeast of Babylon, an iron blade made around 2700 BC.  Primitive inscriptions have revealed that Babylonia always used various metals.  Copper instruments have been found in the ruins of several pre-flood cities.  The Weld Prism, giving the ten kings who reigned before the flood says the 3rd, 5th, and 6th reigned at a place called Badgurgurru meaning “city of workers in bronze.”

GENESIS 7:1,13; 8:3-4 ~ Then the Lord said to Noah, “I have seen that you are a good man, even among the evil people of this time. So gather your family and all of you go into the boat …. The rain fell on the earth for 40 days and 40 nights. …. Rain stopped falling from the sky. And water stopped flowing from under the earth. The water that covered the earth began to go down and down. After 150 days, the water was low enough that the boat touched land again. The boat stopped on one of the mountains of Ararat. = التكوين الفصل 7  التكوين الفصل 8

1  وَقَالَ الرَّبُّ لِنُوحٍ: «ادْخُلْ انْتَ وَجَمِيعُ بَيْتِكَ الَى الْفُلْكِ لانِّي ايَّاكَ رَايْتُ بَارّا لَدَيَّ فِي هَذَا الْجِيلِ.

13 فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ عَيْنِهِ دَخَلَ نُوحٌ وَسَامٌ وَحَامٌ وَيَافَثُ بَنُو نُوحٍ وَامْرَاةُ نُوحٍ وَثَلاثُ نِسَاءِ بَنِيهِ مَعَهُمْ الَى الْفُلْكِ.

3 وَرَجَعَتِ الْمِيَاهُ عَنِ الارْضِ رُجُوعا مُتَوَالِيا. وَبَعْدَ مِئَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ يَوْما نَقَصَتِ الْمِيَاهُ
4 وَاسْتَقَرَّ الْفُلْكُ فِي الشَّهْرِ السَّابِعِ فِي الْيَوْمِ السَّابِعَ عَشَرَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ عَلَى جِبَالِ ارَارَاطَ.

The Weld Prism and Nippur Tablets list kings during the earliest eras of mankind.  Then they say, “Then the Flood overthrew the land.”

Archaeologist George Smith of the British Museum found numerous tablets from the Library of Assur-Banipal at Nineveh dating back to the first dynasty of Ur about mid-way between the flood and Abraham.  Many of these ancient tablets repeatedly used the expressions such as “the flood, “the age before the flood”, “the inscriptions of the time before the flood.”

GENESIS 11:4, 8-9      Then the people said, “We should build a city for ourselves. And we should build a tower that will reach to the sky. We will be famous. {And this will keep us together.} We will not be scattered all over the earth.”… So the Lord caused the people to spread all over the earth. So the people did not finish building the city. That is the place where the Lord confused the language of the whole world. So that place is called Babel.  So the Lord caused the people to spread out from that place to all the other places on earth. = التكوين الفصل 11

4 وَقَالُوا: «هَلُمَّ نَبْنِ لانْفُسِنَا مَدِينَةً وَبُرْجا رَاسُهُ بِالسَّمَاءِ. وَنَصْنَعُ لانْفُسِنَا اسْما لِئَلَّا نَتَبَدَّدَ عَلَى وَجْهِ كُلِّ الارْضِ».

8 فَبَدَّدَهُمُ الرَّبُّ مِنْ هُنَاكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ كُلِّ الارْضِ فَكَفُّوا عَنْ بُنْيَانِ الْمَدِينَةِ
9 لِذَلِكَ دُعِيَ اسْمُهَا «بَابِلَ» لانَّ الرَّبَّ هُنَاكَ بَلْبَلَ لِسَانَ كُلِّ الارْضِ. وَمِنْ هُنَاكَ بَدَّدَهُمُ الرَّبُّ عَلَى وَجْهِ كُلِّ الارْضِ.

Model of Temple of Marduk near great tower of Babylon (based on ruins)

Archaeologist George Smith of the British Museum found an ancient tablet in ruins north of the Marduk Temple in central Babylon which read:  “The building of this illustrious tower offended the gods.  In a night they threw down what they had built.  They scattered them abroad and made strange their speech. Their progress they impeded. They wept hot tears for Babylon.”

GENESIS 14:1, 14-15 ~   Amraphel was the king of Shinar [Mesopotamia]….Lot, the son of
Abraham’s brother, was living in Sodom, and the enemy captured him….Abram learned that Lot was captured. So Abram called all of his family together. There were 318 trained soldiers. Abram led the men and chased the enemy all the way to the town of Dan. That night, he and his men made a surprise attack against the enemy. They defeated the enemy and chased them. = التكوين الفصل 14

1  وَحَدَثَ فِي ايَّامِ امْرَافَلَ مَلِكِ شِنْعَارَ وَارْيُوكَ مَلِكِ الَّاسَارَ وَكَدَرْلَعَوْمَرَ مَلِكِ عِيلامَ وَتِدْعَالَ مَلِكِ جُويِيمَ

14 فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ ابْرَامُ انَّ اخَاهُ سُبِيَ جَرَّ غِلْمَانَهُ الْمُتَمَرِّنِينَ وِلْدَانَ بَيْتِهِ ثَلاثَ مِئَةٍ وَثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ وَتَبِعَهُمْ الَى دَانَ.
15 وَانْقَسَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَيْلا هُوَ وَعَبِيدُهُ فَكَسَّرَهُمْ وَتَبِعَهُمْ الَى حُوبَةَ الَّتِي عَنْ شَِمَالِ دِمَشْقَ.

King Amraphel is the Hebrew pronunciation of Hammurabi, the most famous of early Babylonian kings.  His celebrated Code of over 300 laws or “Code of Hammurabi” is on display at the Louvre in Paris.  Shinar refers to Mesopotamia.

GENESIS 14:8-9 ~ The king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (Zoar) joined together and went to fight against their enemies. {They went to fight} in the Valley of Siddim. They fought against Kedorlaomer the king of Elam, Tidal the king of Goiim, Amraphel the king of Shinar, and Arioch the king of Ellasar. So there were four kings fighting against five. = التكوين الفصل 14

8 فَخَرَجَ مَلِكُ سَدُومَ وَمَلِكُ عَمُورَةَ وَمَلِكُ ادْمَةَ وَمَلِكُ صَبُويِيمَ وَمَلِكُ بَالَعَ (الَّتِي هِيَ صُوغَرُ) وَنَظَمُوا حَرْبا مَعَهُمْ فِي عُمْقِ السِّدِّيمِ.
9 مَعَ كَدَرْلَعَوْمَرَ مَلِكِ عِيلامَ وَتِدْعَالَ مَلِكِ جُويِيمَ وَامْرَافَلَ مَلِكِ شِنْعَارَ وَارْيُوكَ مَلِكِ الَّاسَارَ. ارْبَعَةُ مُلُوكٍ عَلَى خَمْسَةٍ.

Site of Elba Tablets

The Ebla (now Tel Mardikh) excavations carried out in northern Syria, 60 km. south of Aleppo, under the archaeological control of the University of Rome La Sapienza, and directed by Paolo Matthiae, lead to important discoveries, bringing to light the Royal Archive.   This big archive contains 17.000 tablets written in cuneiform characters

Elba Tablet #1860 lists these Genesis kings: si-da-mu (Sodoma), e-ma-ra (Gomorra), ad-ma (Adma), si-ba-i-um (Zeboim), be-la (Tsoar o  [Zoar] )

GENESIS 13:10; 19:24-25 ~ Lot looked and saw the Jordan Valley. Lot saw that there was much water there. (This was before the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. At that time the Jordan Valley all the way to Zoar was like the Lord’s Garden. At the same time, the Lord began to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah [near Dead Sea]. The Lord caused fire and burning sulfur to fall out of the sky from the Lord. So the Lord destroyed those cities. The Lord destroyed the whole valley— = التكوين الفصل 13  التكوين الفصل 19

10 فَرَفَعَ لُوطٌ عَيْنَيْهِ وَرَاى كُلَّ دَائِرَةِ الارْدُنِّ انَّ جَمِيعَهَا سَقْيٌ قَبْلَمَا اخْرَبَ الرَّبُّ سَدُومَ وَعَمُورَةَ كَجَنَّةِ الرَّبِّ كَارْضِ مِصْرَ. حِينَمَا تَجِيءُ الَى صُوغَرَ.

24  فَامْطَرَ الرَّبُّ عَلَى سَدُومَ وَعَمُورَةَ كِبْرِيتا وَنَارا مِنْ عِنْدِ الرَّبِّ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ.
25  وَقَلَبَ تِلْكَ الْمُدُنَ وَكُلَّ الدَّائِرَةِ وَجَمِيعَ سُكَّانِ الْمُدُنِ وَنَبَاتَِ الارْضِ.

Tel edh-Dhra (Sodom)

Archaeologists W. F. Albright and M. G. Kyle discovered about 500 feet above the Dead Sea the remains of a great fortified enclosure and great quantities of potsherds, flint and other remains of a period dating between 2500 BC and 2000 BC.

Black stones (Brimstone) at
Tel edh-Dhra (Sodom)

There are vast are vast beds of flammable petroleum deposits on both sides of the Dead Sea.  Under Mt. Usdom at that location is a stratum of salt 150 feet thick mixed with sulfur.  An explosion of the petroleum and sulfur would blow up into the sky and then fall back down like rain.  The salt and free sulphur of this area, now a burned-out region of oil and asphalt, were apparently mingled by an earthquake, causing a violent explosion. Carried up into the air red-hot, the exploding salt and sulphur literally caused a rain of fire and brimstone over the whole plain

Sodom: Bab edh-Dhra (alt. Bub edh-Dhra), at Wadi Kerak. Remains of a stone fortress and city (including a large cemetery south of the city, 5/8 of a mile long and about half as wide. An estimated 20,000 shaft tombs would hold over half a million dead).

Gomorrah: Numeira. Located at the Wadi south of Bab edh-Dhra, Wadi Numeira.  Remains of another fortified city were found on a level top of a plain just south of the spring of Wadi Numeira.

Admah: Fiefa, located on the north side of Wadi Feifa. Remains of a walled city and a tower. (Noted similarities of pottery found here with Bab edh-Dhra). Discovered a burial ground which perhaps rivals Bab edh-Dhra in size and usage.

Zeboiim: Khanazir. Located on the northern side of the Wadi Khanazir.  It holds common characteristics with the other four sites, excluding only the large graveyard.

Zoar: es-Safi. Located overlooking Wadi Hesa, between Numeira and Fiefa, also with a large graveyard similar to that of Bab edh-Dhra and Feifa. (Noted similarities of pottery found here with Bab edh-Dhra)

GENESIS 12:6 ~ Abram traveled through the land of Canaan as far as the town of Shechem and then went to the big tree at Moreh. The Canaanite people lived in that place at this time. = التكوين الفصل 12

6 وَاجْتَازَ ابْرَامُ فِي الارْضِ الَى مَكَانِ شَكِيمَ الَى بَلُّوطَةِ مُورَةَ. وَكَانَ الْكَنْعَانِيُّونَ حِينَئِذٍ فِي الارْضِ.

Archaeologists Albright and Garstang, searching through the ruins of these cities (Shechem, Bethel, Ai, Jerusalem, Gerar, Dothan) have found shards and other evidences that these cities actually existed around 2000 BC.

GENESIS 39:1-2  ~ The traders who bought Joseph took him down to Egypt. They sold him to the captain of Pharaoh’s guard, Potiphar. But the Lord helped Joseph. Joseph became a successful man. Joseph lived in the house of his master, Potiphar the Egyptian. = التكوين الفصل 39

1  وَامَّا يُوسُفُ فَانْزِلَ الَى مِصْرَ وَاشْتَرَاهُ فُوطِيفَارُ خَصِيُّ فِرْعَوْنَ رَئِيسُ الشُّرَطِ رَجُلٌ مِصْرِيٌّ مِنْ يَدِ الاسْمَاعِيلِيِّينَ الَّذِينَ انْزَلُوهُ الَى هُنَاكَ.
2 وَكَانَ الرَّبُّ مَعَ يُوسُفَ فَكَانَ رَجُلا نَاجِحا. وَكَانَ فِي بَيْتِ سَيِّدِهِ الْمِصْرِيِّ.

PHARAOH SENUSRET II Catalogyued at Museum of Copenghagen

The kings during the enslavement and rise to power of Joseph and eventual arrival of his family and their enslavement would be Senusret II, (1894-1878 BC) and Senusret III (1878-1841 BC), Joseph’s career as an Egyptian governmental official would thus begin under Senusret II and would continue into the reign of Senusret III.  Amenemhet III became Pharaoh when Joseph was in his 70s. To figure years of events and reigns, go here.

PHARAOH SENUSRET III at British Museum

Joseph arrived at Egypt at age 17 (Genesis 37:2), was 30 at the beginning of the famine (Genesis 41:46) lived 71 years after his family came to Egypt and died at age 110 (Genesis 50:26). This means that he died about 1807 BC, during the reign of Amenemhet III (1841-1797).

GENESIS 41:45  ~ Pharaoh gave Joseph another name, Zaphenath Paneah.  Pharaoh also gave Joseph a wife named Asenath. She was the daughter of Potiphera, a priest in the city of ON.  So Joseph became the governor over the whole country of Egypt. = التكوين الفصل 41

46 وَكَانَ يُوسُفُ ابْنَ ثَلاثِينَ سَنَةً لَمَّا وَقَفَ قُدَّامَ فِرْعَوْنَ مَلِكِ مِصْرَ. فَخَرَجَ يُوسُفُ مِنْ لَدُنْ فِرْعَوْنَ وَاجْتَازَ فِي كُلِّ ارْضِ مِصْرَ.

Archaeologist Sir Flanders Petrie in the 1800s discovered ruins of a palace on the site of ON (Heliopolis) dated to the time of Joseph..  Heliopolis, the City of the Sun, at one time possessed more monuments than Thebes.  Today, a single obelisk in an enclosure just by the suburb of Matariya (northwest of the Cairo International Airport) marks the ruins of Heliopolis north of the modern suburb known also known as Heliopolis.

GENESIS: 41:54, 56 ~ And the seven years of hunger began, just like Joseph had said.  No food grew anywhere in any of the countries in that area.  There was famine everywhere, so Joseph gave the people grain from the warehouses. Joseph sold the stored grain to the people of Egypt. The famine was bad in Egypt.     = التكوين الفصل 41

54 وَابْتَدَاتْ سَبْعُ سِنِي الْجُوعِ تَاتِي كَمَا قَالَ يُوسُفُ فَكَانَ جُوعٌ فِي جَمِيعِ الْبُلْدَانِ. وَامَّا جَمِيعُ ارْضِ مِصْرَ فَكَانَ فِيهَا خُبْزٌ.

56 وَكَانَ الْجُوعُ عَلَى كُلِّ وَجْهِ الارْضِ. وَفَتَحَ يُوسُفُ جَمِيعَ مَا فِيهِ طَعَامٌ وَبَاعَ لِلْمِصْرِيِّينَ. وَاشْتَدَّ الْجُوعُ فِي ارْضِ مِصْرَ.

All that is left of ancient ON (Heliopolis)

 

EXODUS 9:6: ~ All the livestock of the Egyptians died, but not one animal belonging to the Israelites died. Pharaoh sent officials and found that none of the livestock of the Israelites had died. = لخروج الفصل 9

6  فَفَعَلَ الرَّبُّ هَذَا الامْرَ فِي الْغَدِ. فَمَاتَتْ جَمِيعُ مَوَاشِي الْمِصْرِيِّينَ. وَامَّا مَوَاشِي بَنِي اسْرَائِيلَ فَلَمْ يَمُتْ مِنْهَا وَاحِدٌ.

Ptah-Apis, Bull God, Brooklyn Museum

22 فَمَدَّ مُوسَى يَدَهُ نَحْوَ السَّمَاءِ فَكَانَ ظَلامٌ دَامِسٌ فِي كُلِّ ارْضِ مِصْرَ ثَلاثَةَ ايَّامٍ.
23 لَمْ يُبْصِرْ احَدٌ اخَاهُ وَلا قَامَ احَدٌ مِنْ مَكَانِهِ ثَلاثَةَ ايَّامٍ. وَلَكِنْ جَمِيعُ بَنِي اسْرَائِيلَ كَانَ لَهُمْ نُورٌ فِي مَسَاكِنِهِمْ!

NUMBERS